The half-life of bromadiolone in human beings has been reported to be as long as 144 h. The tight binding and inhibition of VKOR by LAAR allows for a significant deficiency in the reduced form of vitamin K and this is characterized by prolonged coagulopathy and bleeding after initial treatment and the need for high-dose vitamin K1 therapy after LAAR poisoning. Long-acting anticoagulant rodenticides have an extremely higher affinity to vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), a key enzyme in the liver for vitamin K reactivation, compared with warfarin. Bromadiolone, a second-generation, long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide (LAAR) with a white to yellow color chemically, is marketed worldwide and frequently colored with red dye and mixed with grains as rat bait of 0.005% w/w in general meaning that it might be confused with healthy food such as red yeast rice.
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